SPSS Data Collection and SPSS Dimensions were sold in 2015 to UNICOM Systems, Inc., a division of UNICOM Global, and merged into the integrated software suite UNICOM Intelligence (survey design, survey deployment, data collection, data management and reporting). SPSS Statistics 15.0 for Windows needed a downloadable hotfix to be installed in order to be compatible with Windows Vista. SPSS Statistics version 13.0 for Mac OS X was not compatible with Intel-based Macintosh computers, due to the Rosetta emulation software causing errors in calculations. SPSS Statistics is available under either an annual or a monthly subscription license. Add-on packages can enhance the base software with additional features (examples include complex samples which can adjust for clustered and stratified samples, and custom tables which can create publication-ready tables). SPSS Statistics Server is a version of SPSS Statistics with a client/server architecture. SPSS Statistics Gradpacks are highly discounted versions sold only to students. ![]() Several variants of SPSS Statistics exist. Larger datasets such as statistical surveys are more often created in data entry software, or entered during computer-assisted personal interviewing, by scanning and using optical character recognition and optical mark recognition software, or by direct capture from online questionnaires. This may be sufficient for small datasets. Cells in both views can be manually edited, defining the file structure and allowing data entry without using command syntax. ![]() The 'Variable View' displays the metadata dictionary where each row represents a variable and shows the variable name, variable label, value label(s), print width, measurement type, and a variety of other characteristics. Unlike spreadsheets, the data cells can only contain numbers or text, and formulas cannot be stored in these cells. The 'Data View' shows a spreadsheet view of the cases (rows) and variables (columns). The graphical user interface has two views which can be toggled by clicking on one of the two tabs in the bottom left of the SPSS Statistics window. (From Version 20 onwards, these two scripting facilities, as well as many scripts, are included on the installation media and are normally installed by default.) From version 14 onwards, SPSS can be driven externally by a Python or a VB.NET program using supplied "plug-ins". ![]() In addition, the Python extension allows SPSS to run any of the statistics in the free software package R. The Python programmability extension, introduced in SPSS 14, replaced the less functional SAX Basic "scripts" for most purposes, although SaxBasic remains available. A Python programmability extension can access the information in the data dictionary and data and dynamically build command syntax programs. In addition to statistical analysis, data management (case selection, file reshaping, creating derived data) and data documentation (a metadata dictionary is stored in the datafile) are features of the base software.Īdditionally a "macro" language can be used to write command language subroutines. ![]() The original SPSS manual (Nie, Bent & Hull, 1970) has been described as one of "sociology's most influential books" for allowing ordinary researchers to do their own statistical analysis. It is also used by market researchers, health researchers, survey companies, government, education researchers, marketing organizations, data miners, and others. SPSS is a widely used program for statistical analysis in social science.
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